1.She used to be a Chinese teacher.她过去是中文老师。
(1)used to be/to do句型表示“过去常常,过去惯常”。其否定式为used not…,可缩写为usedn't/usen't,口语中可用didn't use…。例如:
①I used to live there when I was a child.那是我童年住的地方。
辨析:used to和would
(2)used to用于指状况,也可用以指习惯;would用法较单一,用于指动作反复:
②He used to read in the sun.(可以用would表示“老是,总是”之意)
他过去常在阳光下读书。
③He used to be a quiet boy.(不能用would be)
他曾经是一个不大说话的孩子。
(3)故事开始提过去,used to在先,would在后。
③We used to swim every day when we were children——we would run down to the lake and jump into.
孩提时,我们每天去游泳——我们会跑向湖,跳进去。
(4)注意下列use to的用法
used to do sth.表示“过去总做某事”(现在不做了),只用于过去时态:
④He used to get up early.过去他总早起。(现在不这样了)
be used to (doing) sth。表示“习惯于做某事;可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be可以用become, get等来代替;
⑤He will be (has been) used to getting up early.
他将会(已经)习惯早起。
be used to do sth.是use的被动语态形式,表示“被用于做某事”,不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态。
⑥Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。(=People make paper from wood.)
2.She often borrows from the school library.
她经常从学校图书馆里借书。
辨析:borrow/lend/keep/return/have back
(1)borrow和lend都是“借”,但前者对主语来说是“借入”,可与介词from连用;后者对主语来说是“借出”,可与介词to连用。如:
①I borrowed two books from him yesterday.
昨天我从他那借了两本书。
=He lent two books to me yesterday.
注:borrow和lend虽同为“借”,但用法是相反的,关键要看它们的主语。如:
②May I borrow your key?我可以借你的钥匙吗?
③May you lend me your key?你可以把钥匙借给我吗?
(2)二者都表示瞬间内发生的动作,即短暂动词。在英语中,这种动词不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。而keep是“保留”,“保存”的意思,是表示延续的动作,即延续性动词,故可以与表一段的时间状语连用。return是“归还”之意,相当于give back。have back 是“要回来”的意思。如:
④I'll keep the dictionary for a week.这本字典我将借一周。
⑤Please return it on time.=Please give it back on time.
请及时归还。
⑥I returned him the book. (the book to him.)
我把那本书还给他。
⑦I'll have it back tomorrow.明天我要把它要回来。
⑧【正误辨】昨天他把书还给图书馆了。
[误]He returned the book back to the library yesterday.
[正]He returned the book to the library yesterday.
3.Sometimes she reads a few lines, puts down the book, walks a few steps and thinks for a while and then walks away with the book.
有时候她读几行,放下书,走几步,想一会儿,然后拿着书走了。
句中put down为“放下”之意,除此之外,put down还有“降落,下车,记下,储藏”等意思。例如:
①Uncle Wang put the plough down in a field.
王伯伯把犁降落在田地里了。
②The bus stopped to put down some passengers.
公共汽车停下来,一些乘客下车。
③Put down my telephone number in your notebook.
把我的电话记在你本子上吧。
④We used do put down some Chinese vegetables for winters.
我们以前常储藏大白菜以备过冬
put短语
put away把……收起来,放好
put into把…译成,把……放进
put aside(为特殊目的)储蓄
put on穿上,戴上
put back把(钟,表)拨慢;推迟
put out熄灭,关(灯,电视)
put faward向前拨,提出
put through接通(电话),完成,向……提出,经受考验
put up举起,建造,张贴,挂起
put up with容忍,忍受
put together把…放在一起,装配,组装
4.But last week Grandma forgot to take the book when she left for home.但是上次老奶奶回家时忘记拿书了。
(1)该句为主从复合句,when引导是表示时间的连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”“一……就”
①He jumped up when he heard the good news.
当他听到这个好消息时,高兴得跳起来。
②When the teacher comes, we'll stand up.
老师一进来,我们就起立。
(2)forget一词的用法:
forget vt, vi忘记,通常用于下列句式:
forget+n./pron.
③I forget her telepnone number.我忘记她的电话号码了。
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事,表示to do sth.的动作还没有发生。
④I forget to post the letter.我忘记去寄信。(没邮信)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事,表示doing sth.的动作已经发生。
⑤I've forgot posting the letter.
我忘记已把信寄了。(信已邮走)
辨析:forget和leave
两个词均表示“忘了”,应注意的是如果有地点状语时,用leave而不用forget。如:
⑥I have forgotten about it.我已忘了这事。
⑦I left my pen in the library.我把钢笔落在书馆了。
⑧I forgot my pen.我忘带钢笔。
(3)leave for意为“动身到某地”。
⑨He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他明天要去北京。
⑩She left home for the station a few minutes ago.
几分钟前他离开家去车站了。
5.The next day she went to the librarian and said to her,“I'm very sorry. I borrowed a history book from the library last week. But I can't find it. I think I've lost it.”
第二天她来到图书管理员面前,对她说:“对不起,我上周从图书馆借了一本历史书.但我找不到了,我想是丢了。”
辨析:the next day, next day和tomorrow
以过去某一时间为准,说第二天时要用the next day,这种情况多用于间接引语,以现在为准,说第二天用next day或tomorrow。如:
①“We started the next day.”he said.
他说“我们第二天就出发了。”
②We'll start next day/tomrrow.我们明天出发。
6.Someone will probably find it and return it sooner or later.
return一词的用法:
return (vi)=go/come back, get well意为回到,恢复,归还,后应接副词,若接名词,其后应接介词。如:
①We returned home/returned to the school in July.
我们七月份回家/返校。
②Let's return to our subject.让我们回到正题吧。
③His health returned quickly.他很快恢复了健康。
④It has returned to the owner.此物已归原主人。
return (vt.)=give back, come/go back归还,回到,回报
⑤Return everything to him.把所有东西都还给他。
⑥Remember to return the books to the library.
记住把书还回图书馆。
⑦When do you return school?你什么时候返校?
return n.回报,返回,来回票
⑧Welcome the return of the football team.
欢迎足球队归来。
⑨I booked a return ticked.我预定了往返票。
与return构成的短语
return sb. a visit回访某人 return thanks答谢
in return作为回报 in return for以答谢…,以报答…
注:return不与back连用。
(2)sooner or later意为“迟早”。
You can understand him sooner or later.你迟早会理解他的。
Sooner or later she will know it.她早晚会知道的。
7.A few days later, the book was still missing.
几天过去了,书还没有找到。
miss的几种不同意义
(1)miss (vt.)+n或v----ing未赶上,未击中,未找到,未遇见,未看见,未听见等。
①I missed the first bus so came late.
我没赶上头班车因此我迟到了。
②I don't want to miss seeing the play on TV tonight.
我不想错过今晚电视里演的这出戏。
(2)miss (vt)+v----ing或n.想念,怀念,惦念
③I miss you.我想念你。
④I miss living in the country.
我怀念以前住在农村的日子。
⑤I missed my bag.
我发觉我的包丢了。
(3)miss遗漏,省去
⑥Your plan can't miss.你的计划不能落空。
⑦You have missed a letter in the world.
你在这个单词中漏掉了一个字母。
构成短语:
miss one's way迷路
miss one step踏空
miss school缺课
miss a chance失去机会
8.What was worse, Grandma lost more books.
更糟的是老奶奶丢了更多的书。
What is worse意为“更糟的是”,在句中常作插入语。如:
What's worse, I forget her address.更糟的是我忘了她的地址。
9.She was worried and so was the librarian.
她非常着急,图书管理员也是如此。
句中so was librarian是初中二年级已学过的由so+be动词/助动词/情态动词构成的倒装句型。so代替上文提到的内容,句中的be动词/助动词或情态动词取决于上文的动词,其单复数决取于后面的主语。如:
①I studied in No. 4 Middle School. So did I. (=I studied in No. 4 Middle school, too.)我曾就读于第四中学。我也是。
②She likes swimming. So does her sister.
她喜欢游泳,她妹妹也是。
③I have seen the film. So have they.
我看过这部电影,他们也看过.
④I can finish my homework in an hour. So can he.
我一个小时就会做完作业,他也能。
10.“I'm afraid I'll have to pay for the lost books”, said Grandma sadly.老奶奶很抱歉地说:“对不起,我得赔偿丢失的书”。
be afraid的几种用法:
(1)be afraid+that从句意为“恐怕;害怕”。
①I'm afraid I'll be late.
恐怕我要迟到了。
②She was afraid that the dog would bite.
她害怕这狗会咬人。
(2)be afraid+that从句,相当于be sorry,意为“对不起”,表示歉意。
③I'm afraid that I can't lend you money I haven't any money on me.
对不起我不能借给你钱,我没带钱。
④I'm very much afraid that I can't help you.
很抱歉,我恐怕帮不了你。
(3)be afraid + of doing担心,担忧,害怕
⑤I'm afraid of breaking the cup.
我怕把杯子弄碎了。
⑥He is afraid of missing the chance.
他害怕失去机会。
⑦Don't be afraid of dogs.别怕狗。
(4)be afraid+to do害怕,不敢
⑧She was afraid to be alone.
她怕独自一个人呆着。
辨析:be afraid of doing和be afraid to do
两者都可以表示“害怕”,“不敢”,但是,谈论我们自己也无法左右的突发事情时,要用be afraid of doing。如:
⑨I'm afraid of falling into the swimming pool.
我怕掉到游泳池里去。
⑩I'm afraid to dive into the swimming pool.
我不怕在游泳池往水里跳。
辨析:have to与must
两者均为助动词,后接动词原形,表示“必须”之意,但must表示主观的必要,即出于个人的意志。而have to则表示客观的必要,即出于外部的环境。must没有过去时或将来时等,当表示过去或将来时用have to.
(11)I must go.我必须得走。
(12)I have to go.我不得不走。
(13)He had to borrow some money.他不得不借些钱来。
辨析:pay, pay…for与pay off
这三个词语都表示“付款”,pay的后面接表示人的词语,意为“付款给某人”,pay for后接表示物品的词语,意为“付款买某物”.pay off还清(债务)。
(14)He paid me five yuan.他付了我五元钱。
(15)He can't pay for the TV set at the moment.
他暂时还不能给这台电视机付款。
(16)We'll have to pay 8000 yuan for the computers.
我们得八千元买这台电脑。
(17)He has paid off all his debts.他还清了所有债务。
11.One day the librarian came up with an idea.
一天图书馆的馆员想了一个主意。
come up with=produce想出,提出,赶上
①CCTV comes up with good TV programs.
中央电视台经常推出好的电视节目。
②He came up with a suggestion.他提出了一个建议。
③We shall have to study hard to come up with them.
我们要努力学习,赶上他们。
come构成的短语:
come in进来,进站,流进 come for来接人,来取物
come out出来,开花,传出 come out with,出版,发表
come about发生 come over转变,过来
come across偶然遇见 come down败落
come along/on进展,进步,好转
come on过来,开始,快来;(表示鼓励,劝说,不耐烦等)
come back回来,回忆起,记起
come through成功,经历
12.If you find this book, please return it to the shool library.如果你发现这本书,请把它归还给图书馆。
If从句在句子中作条件状语从句,后面的祈使句作主句。if, until, when引导的状语从句表示将来的情况
用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:
①I will go if you go.如果你去,我也去。(不说…if you will go.)
②I won't go to bed until my mother comes back.
我要等妈妈回来才睡觉。(不说…will come back.)
根据意思的需要,有时应用现在完成时。
①You may go home when you have done your work.
你干完活后可以回家。(不能说…when you do your work.)
②I can't go with you until I have written the letter.
要等我写完信我才能和你一块走。(不能说until I write…)




